Many  of us are either exercising too much or too little during this pandemic. Here is reason to get up out of your chair and get moving…

A molecule called Gpld1 (glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)–specific phospholipase D1), seems to improve neurogenesis and cognition in mice. In a series of experiments in older mice, regular exercise, compared with sedentary behavior, improved neurogenesis, learning ability, and memory.

Blood extracted from older mice, midlife, or younger exercising mice that was injected intravenously into older sedentary mice produced improved neurogenesis, learning ability, and memory. Blood infusions from sedentary mice did not have this effect.

Mass spectrometry (a sophisticated tool used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of 1 or more molecules) identified about 30 molecules that increased after exercise; one of the most prominent was Gpld1, a molecule produced by the liver. When scientists enhanced liver production of Gpld1, it led to improved neurogenesis and cognition.

Levels of Gpld1 are also higher in physically active humans than in sedentary humans. This is the equivalent to about 7100 steps per day. A molecule common to mice and humans has been linked to the benefits of exercise and the aging brain. Whether we see this being used in humans therapeutically is yet to be seen. But it suggest that specific molecules brought on by exercise can improve cognition.

Reference: Horowitz AM et al. Blood factors transfer beneficial effects of exercise on neurogenesis and cognition to the aged brain. Science 2020 Jul 10; 369:167.

You may not have signed up to be in an experiment…but we are all in one. This pandemic is the largest psychologic experiment in history to test human resilience under adversity. It will test all races, religions, genders, ages and socioeconomic settings. This virus spans all countries and has no borders. It effects everyone…everywhere!

As many as two thirds of people recover from difficult experiences without prolonged psychological effects, even if they have lived through extreme events like prisoner of war or violent crimes. But the other third suffer real psychological distress that can last for months or even years.

Even if most people prove resilient, the sheer numbers involved have experts warning of a mental illness “tsunami.” COVID-19 has disrupted so many peoples’ lives with the threat of disease, loneliness of isolation, loss of loved ones, repercussions of job loss and ongoing uncertainty about when the pandemic will end. Suicide deaths by health care professionals are a chilling reminder of the risks that are still present.

Epidemiologist Daisy Fancourt of University College London began a study in mid-March that grew to include more than 85,000 UK residents. They tracked depression, anxiety, stress and loneliness week by week. Six weeks in it was found that levels of depression were significantly higher than before the pandemic. In China, the first nationwide large-scale survey was taken where the crisis hit earliest and found that almost 35 percent reported psychological distress.

Generally, those with previous diagnosed mental health illness, those who live alone and younger people were reporting the highest level of depression and anxiety. Interestingly, there was a decrease in anxiety levels once the lockdown was declared. “Uncertainty tends to make things worse” according to Fancourt. Some people tend to find ways to carry on while others are frozen by not knowing what is to come.
Another study showed worrisome findings in older adults. Most adults older than 65 have better emotional well-being. This could be due to the fact that seniors have lived through more than younger people and had more time to develop skills for dealing with stress. Also many have retired and are less concerned about work. On the other hand, some seniors understand the higher likelihood of getting sick and of losing loved ones. Some are fearful of going out and fearful of anyone coming to their front door. They are also not as tech-savvy so it is difficult for them to get the information they need.

Successful coping in a crisis means continuing to function and engaging in day-to-day activities. Strategies that buffer the effects of stress include getting enough sleep, observing a routine, getting outside and enjoying nature, exercising, eating well and maintaining strong social connections. Spending time on projects and solving problems, even small ones that provides a sense of purpose are important. Factors that predict resilience are optimism, the ability to keep perspective, strong social support and flexible thinking. People who believe they can cope do, in fact, tend to cope better.

Also, in previous work by psychologist Anita DeLongis of the University of British Columbia who studies psychosocial responses to disease, those who are high in empathy are more likely to engage in appropriate health behaviors such as social distancing. They also have better mental health outcomes than people who are low on empathy. Her COVID-19 study will follow people’s behavior and attitudes for months to capture changes in empathy and coping over time. DeLongis says that empathy can be learned and encouraged with proper messaging, and depending how you respond will determine health behaviors and coping mechanisms.

Reference: Denworth, L. “The Biggest Psychological Experiment: What Can The Pandemic Teach Us About How People Respond to Adversity?”. Scientific American. July 2020, p 40-45.

Since we are all trying to make fewer visits to the grocery store, why not stretch those dollars and keep you fruits and veges as fresh as possible.

Here is a great article on just how to do that…

Keeping Produce Fresh Longer

Depression is a common condition involving 30 million office visits annually. There have been more cases of depression, anxiety and other mental health conditions especially in these uncertain times. Antidepressants are commonly prescribed for many people along with psychotherapy. When therapy goals are reached, many patients will need help tapering off their medications. Withdraw symptoms can occur in days or weeks from stopping antidepressants if it is done too quickly or not appropriately. Some of these symptoms include headache, nausea, diarrhea, electric shock sensations, insomnia or mood changes.

Expectations of the length of time it takes to completely stop medication use is important. It can take a minimum of 2 weeks to on average 2 months to taper. This is dependent on the length and dosage of medications and the half-life of the medication. Some people may also have other health conditions or medications that can affect drug metabolism which may take even longer.

It’s best to start the discussion to taper off antidepressants early…at least 2 months in advance.
Work with a practitioner who is experienced with medication withdraw to get the best results for you.

Different viruses can be most transmissible (able to spread) at different times. For instance, influenza (flu) is most transmissible at or just before the onset of symptoms. Whereas SARS is most transmissible at 7-10 days after symptom onset.
A team from Wuhan China created models based on data from two different studies of patients with COVID-19.

The researchers found that the highest viral loads on throat swabs collected were when symptoms started. The loads rapidly declined during the next 7 days. They concluded that about 44% of secondary cases among people in close contact (households) were infected in the 2 days prior to the onset of symptoms. Now this is based on modeling since no samples were collected in patients prior to onset of symptoms.

But if this is correct, then aggressive tracing of contacts will be even more critical than quarantining!

References: He X et L. Temporal dynamics in viral shedding and transmissibility of COVID-19. Nat Med 2020 April 15; [e-pub]. (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0869-5)