This year has been one that we will never forget. And the core of this disruption has everything to do with our health and how to adapt to the fragility of life. But regardless of the pandemic, there is still plenty to talk about in reference to new breakthroughs in medicine. Here is my top 10 for 2020:

10. Telemedicine is a New Norm– Due to COVID-19, nearly a quarter of us had used a computer, app or phone for a telemedicine appt. Mental health counseling has also been done via Zoom which has been much needed, especially in areas where therapists are in short supply. Office visits are still important in certain circumstances (listening to lungs, abdominal exams, diagnosing the cause of joint pain, etc) but the shift to more online visits will become more common.

9. Biologics in Orthopedic Repair– It can take months or years to recover from orthopedic surgery.  Biologics are natural substances such as cells, blood components and growth factors that is injected to preserve tissue rather than cutting into it.        These can now be used to speed recovery and promote healing after surgery to improve patient outcomes.

8. Fast, Cheap Coronavirus Test– Abbott’s BinaxNOW rapid test received emergency-use authorization from the FDA in August. It detects COVID in fifteen minutes for around $5 per test—and without the need for specialized lab equipment.

7. New Class of  Migraine Medicine– Ubrelvy is the first FDA-approved new class of migraine meds known as Gepants, which has shown relief without the nasty downsides vs triptans. The drugs control the activity of a pain-regulating molecule called the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) whose levels elevate during an attack. Ubrelvy blocks CGRP’s ability to bind to its corresponding receptor in the body, effectively stopping a migraine in its tracks.

6. New HIV Prevention–  The HIV Prevention Trials Network study enrolled over 3000 women at risk for HIV across 7 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. It was very successful in preventing HIV. They found that a single shot given every 2 months could be more effective in preventing HIV in women than a daily pill.

5. Coronavirus Vaccine– The first of it’s kind with the UK being the first country to authorize the vaccine rollout. Sarah Lindsey, a critical care nurse at Long Island Jewish Medical Center in New York received the first coronavirus vaccine in the United States on December 14th.

4. Year of the Nurse and the Midwife– The World Health Organization (WHO) declared 2020 the year to honor nurses and midwives for their unrelenting work from refugee camps to rural towns to the front lines of COVID -19 and beyond.

3. Expanded use of Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery– A trans-catheter device has been FDA approved to repair the mitral valve in those with mitral valve regurgitation (MR). The FDA has broadened its approval to include those with an enlarged left ventricle, also known as secondary MR. This procedure can avoid major open heart surgery.

2. Immunology for Peanut Allergies– The FDA approved an oral immunotherapy treatment for peanut allergies in children. The oral capsule dose is increased over time to build a tolerance. This can lessen the fear of accidental exposure for kids with severe peanut allergy reactions.

1. New U.S. Leadership and a Renewed Focus on Global Health– President-Elect Biden announced his COVID-19 task force just days after election results. He promises to cooperate with countries around the world to coordinate coronavirus responses and join the international COVAX Facility, which is working on the development, production and access to COVID-19 tests, treatments and vaccines.

From Wellcast.org, we wish you a very healthy, hopeful and joyous New Year!

https://www.popsci.com/story/technology/best-health-innovations-2020/

https://www.globalhealthnow.org/2020-12/top-global-health-moments-2020

According to the American Cancer Society, colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer diagnosed both in men and women in the United States. Overall, the lifetime risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC) is about 1 in 23 for men and 1 in 25 for women. Almost all colon cancers start in the lining of the colon or rectum as a benign poly that slowly develops into cancer.

The many risk factors include: over age 50, although we are seeing younger people diagnosed (Chadwick Boseman died at age 43 from CRC), African American or eastern European descent, high fat, low fiber diet and eating alot of red or processed meats, having inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis), smoking cigarettes, drinking alcohol or family history. Certain inherited diseases can also increase the risk of developing colon cancer such as Lynch Syndrome.

By far this cancer is the most preventable as well as the most curable with early screening.

Chemoprevention, which is the use of a medication, vitamin or supplement used to prevent cancer from occurring, is very effective in preventing colorectal cancer due to its long latency period. In addition to ongoing screening, this review of 80 systematic reviews and meta-analyses in average risk people will show you what you can do to lower your risk of this very preventable cancer.

Agents that protect against CRC include aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories drugs, folate, magnesium, fiber, dairy products, fruits and vegetables, and soy. Exercise and preventing constipation are also very important!

Agents that had no effect on CRC risk are Vitamin C, Vitamin E, antioxidants, beta-carotene, selenium, tea, garlic, allium and Vitamin D with or without calcium.

Meat and alcohol were associated with an excess risk of colorectal cancer.

What you eat in addition to supplementation can play an important role in preventing CRC. Certain medications such as aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs come with certain side effects, so please discuss the use of these with your practitioner before taking them on a regular basis.

References: Chapeelle N et al. Recent advances in clinical practice: Colorectal cancer chemoprevention in the average- risk population. Gut 2020 Sept 28; [e-pub]. (https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2020-320990)

Medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000262.htm

www.cancer.org/cancer/colon-rectal-cancer/about/key-statistics.html

With the numbers of COVID cases continuing to climb, we need to address (again) ways to reduce the inflammatory burden on our heart, lungs and immune system. Using nutrients and foods are the best way to do that. We have been under tremendous stress as a nation these past few weeks with the election. And quite frankly…it’s been exhausting! So if we drank too much alcohol, caffeine or ate more comfort foods like sugar and chocolate…you are not alone. But now we can put the election aside and get down to protecting ourselves, family and community by eating better and continuing COVID precautions.

Many phytochemicals naturally occurring in certain herbs and plant foods can down-regulate the inflammatory activation  brought about by SARS-CoV-2. The intense immune reactions seen in COVID cases are in part mediated by Inflammasomes- multi-protein complexes found in immune cells, pulmonary cells and other epithelial cells.  There are many types of inflammasomes, the NLRP3 subtype being the most prevalent and most well studied in the context of the lungs. Inflammasome activation leads to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and can damage the lungs causing high levels of oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS). This process in normal circumstances clears out infectious pathogens, environmental or metabolic toxins and neutralizes the situation. The inflammatory cascade should then “turn off”. In severe cases like we’ve seen with COVID, this process does not turn off resulting in excessive cell death, tissue fibrosis and ultimately organ dysfunction.

Respiratory distress doesn’t always respond to oxygen therapy. This is because the alveoli and surrounding capillaries become damaged and dysfunctional leading to thrombus, or clot formation. So alveoli are unable to deliver oxygen to the blood. Low oxygen levels then lead to more inflammasome that starts this deadly cycle again. When it comes to plant compounds that have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties that reduce inflammasome activity, polyphenols tend to steal the show.            Here are some of those compounds:

1. Curcuminoids: These are lipid (fat) absorbing polyphenol isolates derived from Rhizoma curcuma longa (Turmeric). Small amounts are also found in the Ginger species (Zingiber). It is a scavenger of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) which is a highly pro-inflammatory environment in the cell. Turmeric-rich foods and supplements is enhanced with the addition of black pepper and healthy fats and oils.
2. Resveratrol: A polyphenol present on the skins of red and purple grapes. It also scavenges ROS and reduces oxidative stress. This compound up-regulates the expression of Sirtuin I, which inactivates multiple inflammatory genes.
3. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG): A major polyphenol found in green tea. It reduces the expression of many inflammatory mediators and lowers free radicals. One cup (8 oz) of brewed green tea contains approximately 50-100mg of EGCG. Drink 1 to 3 cups per day.
4. Sulforaphane glucosinolate (SFN): A natural compound in cruciferous vegetables. These foods reduce oxidative stress and ROS. Food sources include kale, broccoli, broccoli sprouts, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, bok choy, mustard greens and radishes. Not to get too technical, but Sulforaphane is produced from a precursor called glucoraphanin, in the presence of a certain enzyme (myrosinase). It is best to steam, sauté or even massage cruciferous vegetables to stimulate and express their phytochemicals. Supplements include DIM (di-insole-methane) and I3C (indole-3-carbinol) in capsule or powder.
5. Quercetin: A flavonoid commonly found in a variety of fruits and vegetables and herbs. It blocks inflammasome activity, inhibits damage from ROS and down-regulates cytokine expression. Examples are the red skins of apples and citrus fruits and purple onions. Supplements are available but not highly absorbable and best taken with healthy fats.
6. Ginsenosides: The active component of Radix panax ginseng. It lowers inflammasome activation and cytokine expression.
7. Modified Citrus Pectin (MCP): This is a low molecular weight dietary fiber derived from the inner peel of citrus fruit. It is best known as a Galectin-3 antagonist.  Galectin -3 is found in immune and epithelial cells and promotes inflammasome activation. Antagonist means that it blocks or inactivates Galectin-3 and down regulates the activation of  the NLRP3 inflammasome. MCP also inhibits fibrin minimizing the formation of clots.  This is an enzyme-processed product that can be absorbed through the small intestine and enter the bloodstream. Whereas, unprocessed food pectin is a large lectin molecule that is not digested or absorbed through the intestinal wall. The highest quality MCP products have the smallest particle size to ensure intestinal absorption. (See  blogs “What’s Needed for Healthy Aging” and “Modified Citrus Pectin- For Your Detox and Overall Health”).

Of course it’s best to consume these compounds through a plant-rich colorful diet with herbs and spices. Many natural compounds that influence inflammasome activity are found in these plant-derived foods. They also bind to many different receptors and influence several different pathways and genes all at once. A diet rich in phytochemicals has a powerful impact on long term health and inflammation control. It matters what we eat because our food is talking to our genes.  Be well…

References: Chilkov, N. Nutrients & Phytochemicals to Ease Pulmonary Inflammation. Holistic Primary Care. Fall 2020, p. 4.

Howrylak JA, Nakahira K. Inflammasomes: Key mediators of lung immunity. Annu Rev Physiol. 2017; 79: 471-47-94. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021115-105229.

You may think that because you are young and healthy, the symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 (the virus responsible for COVID-19) may not be serious enough to land you in the hospital. First of all…think again. There have been young adults and even children hospitalized who were otherwise healthy. Secondly, even if you were infected and recovered, you may develop long term symptoms that are chronic, lasting more than 3 months. These people are referred to as the “long-haulers”.

While COVID-19 is known for its effect on lung damage, long-haulers report other unusual symptoms that prevent patients from returning to work and their lives fully. To compare this coronavirus with SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome), exhaustion and crippling fatigue plagued 52% of COVID patients 2 months after leaving the hospital in a study from Rome compared to 40% with longterm fatigue lasting 13-36 months after infection from SARS.

Other studies point to similar concerns: A German study found 78% of COVID-19 patients had lingering heart symptoms 2-3 months post infection. The CDC published a report documenting 35% of COVID-19 patients still had symptoms 3 weeks after diagnosis. Compare this to 10% after influenza. A US study published in August found that 70% of patients had lingering symptoms of shortness of breath and 13.5% still needed oxygen 4 weeks after discharge. CT scans of COVID-19 patients show continued signs of lung damage 12 weeks after hospitalization.

The other reported symptoms are confusion, forgetfulness, memory loss, difficulty focusing, dizziness, and grasping for everyday words. It’s becoming known as “COVID brain fog” and survivors say it impairs their ability to work and function normally. Symptoms vary widely and scientists don’t know what causes it, especially since it also effects people who became only mildly ill and had no previous medical conditions. Some theories are that the bodies immune response to the virus never shuts down and it is persistently activated. Another possible cause could be inflammation in blood vessels that release inflammatory molecules that are toxic to the brain which causes delirium, confusion and other types of altered mental function known as encephalopathy. And then there is the theory that it is an autoimmune reaction, when our antibodies mistakenly attack nerve cells. Some patients with brain fog can also experience respiratory and heart issues which can exacerbate neurological symptoms. So far according to neurologists, MRI scans have not seen damaged brain areas.

The average age of long-haulers is 44 years old, with women disproportionally affected. Women have higher rates of autoimmune disease (lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, hypothyroidism) and have higher sensitivity to lower oxygen levels.

We have much to learn about COVID-19 post viral syndrome and long term studies are underway to learn more about the nature and potential treatment of long-haulers. We do understand that much of  the problem the virus creates stems from damage to the lungs, heart, blood vessels, brain, nervous system, eyes, skin and immune regulation. Underlying chronic diseases are also made worse and critical nutrient levels fall in the wake of the inflammation brought on by the virus.

Natalie Lambert, PhD associate research professor at Indiana University Medical School found nearly 100 different long-term problems of a soon-to-be published  survey of close to 4000 patients. Some of these symptoms go well beyond typical COVID symptoms. This global network of COVID survivors whom support, educate and connect to groups of people who are struggling with post COVID syndrome is called the Survivor Corps.

Long-Hauler Survey

The frustration for patients also is that when they reach out to their primary care physicians for help managing these much lesser-known symptoms, they find that some physicians are unable or unwilling to help patients manage these symptoms due to lack of research. People are seeing cardiologists, neurologists and  rheumatologists seeking answers with very little hope or treatment. It has and will continue to take a huge toll on our healthcare system (please vote!). The fact is that facebook has over 100,000 followers on their support group for long-haulers. These patients are suffering physically, mentally and emotionally.

Integrated medicine is uniquely positioned to help long-haulers address the complexity of their symptoms. They are equipped in treating post-viral syndromes for decades which includes re-activated Epstein Barr virus, mononucleosis, West Nile virus, post herpetic neuralgia, Bell’s Palsy, Guillain Barre and influenza. Functional medicine testing can be done to assess inflammation, hormones, GI function, cardiac inflammation, brain function and nutritional status. This way a patient can have personalized treatment through medicines, nutrients, herbs and intravenous nutrient therapy, as well as monitoring the status of how a patient is healing and recovering. Acupuncture and oriental medicine is also an ideal tool in evaluating and treating a patient where western medicine has its limitations.

Prevention from the COVID-19 virus is best by wearing a mask, social distancing and hand washing. But if you have been infected, it is best to seek out someone who will listen and manage your symptoms to help you get back to a fuller recovery.

Brain Fog Plaques COVID Survivors

Different Syndromes of Post COVID

An advisory committee has recommended that the next set of dietary guidelines have some changes. These include that Americans cut back on their alcohol consumption and sugar intake. What they are proposing is only 1 alcoholic beverage per day on the days that alcohol is consumed. In the past, the limit was two drinks for men and one for women.

As far as sugar intake…the committee suggests that less than 6% of energy come from added sugars. The previous guidelines suggested less than 10%. The average sugar consumption in the U.S. is around 13%.  The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has mandated a new food label, (first initiated in 2018) that must be in effect by January 1, 2021, this upcoming year. Many food companies have already embraced this new food labeling. One of the biggest changes has been the new “added sugar” section. This makes it much easier to differentiate “naturally occurring sugars” from “added sugars”. This new label separates the two and also includes the percent Daily Value (%DV) for added sugars, which previously was not required.

The report will be used by the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Health and Human Services to formulate the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. For the first time, the guidelines will cover a broad range of recommendations for all age groups including, infants, toddlers and pregnant women. The guidelines also include dietary patterns in relationship to several different types of cancer such as colorectal, breast and prostate cancers.

Reference: Young, K. Physician’s First Watch. 7/16/2020. http://www.jwatch.org/fw116842.                                                          Rittiman, L. Total Sugars vs. Added Sugar-What You Need To Know. 9healthfair.org. 1/30/2018.